An IoT-Based Smart Room System for Energy-Efficient Lighting, Temperature Regulation, and Security Monitoring

Abstract

Smart Room systems exemplify a significant application of Internet of Things (IoT) technology designed to enhance energy efficiency, user comfort, and indoor security in residential settings. The rising use of electrical gadgets in indoor environments frequently results in superfluous energy usage during periods of vacancy, inadequate temperature control, and restricted security surveillance. Consequently, an automated and intelligent room control system is essential to efficiently resolve these challenges. This study delineates the design and execution of a microcontroller-driven Smart Room system that amalgamates motion, light, and temperature sensing for autonomous room management. The suggested system utilizes a PIR sensor to detect human presence for occupancy-based control and basic security monitoring through presence detection, an LDR sensor to assess ambient light conditions for automated lighting management, and a DHT22 sensor to evaluate room temperature for automatic fan operation. The ESP32 microcontroller serves as the primary controller for processing sensor input and executing control logic in real time. The system functions independently without ongoing user involvement, but a web-based interface facilitates real-time observation of sensor data and device status. Experimental testing was performed to assess system functionality, responsiveness, and reliability across several environmental circumstances. The findings indicate that the system effectively executes automated management of lighting, ventilation, and security functions utilizing real-time environmental data. Sensor detection and actuator responses remained reliable and consistent during the testing process. The Smart Room system offers a pragmatic IoT-based solution for augmenting energy efficiency, expanding indoor comfort, and bolstering room security via automated environmental regulation.